Yesterday, the European Parliament approved the Cyber Resilience Act (“CRA”), which sets out cybersecurity requirements for “products with digital elements” (“PDEs”) placed on the EU market.  The term PDE is defined broadly to include both hardware and software products, such as antivirus software, VPNs, smart home devices, connected toys, and wearables.  The approved text is available here.

The text adopted by the European Parliament is identical to the compromise version between the Parliament and the Council in December 2023, which we described here.  To recap, primary obligations in the CRA apply to manufacturers of PDEs, who must:

  • implement certain “essential” cybersecurity requirements on their PDEs;
  • carrying out conformity assessments on PDEs; and
  • notify competent authorities and others about identified vulnerabilities and serious cybersecurity incidents.

As with most recent European technology regulation, non-compliance could result in significant fines: up to the higher of €15 million or 2.5% of global turnover.

Next steps

The CRA will have to be formally adopted by the Council before it becomes law.  That will likely be in April 2024.  The final version of the CRA will then be published in the EU’s Official Journal.  The majority of the provisions in the CRA will apply in full three years after the date of publication (although vulnerability reporting obligations will apply 21 months after this date).

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Covington’s Privacy and Cybersecurity Practice regularly advises on cybersecurity laws in Europe and elsewhere. If you have any questions about how the raft of new European cyber regulations will affect your business, or about developments in the cybersecurity space more broadly, our team would be happy to discuss.

Photo of Mark Young Mark Young

Mark Young is an experienced tech regulatory lawyer and a vice-chair of Covington’s Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Practice Group. He advises major global companies on their most challenging data privacy compliance matters and investigations. Mark also leads on EMEA cybersecurity matters at the…

Mark Young is an experienced tech regulatory lawyer and a vice-chair of Covington’s Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Practice Group. He advises major global companies on their most challenging data privacy compliance matters and investigations. Mark also leads on EMEA cybersecurity matters at the firm. In these contexts, he has worked closely with some of the world’s leading technology and life sciences companies and other multinationals.

Mark has been recognized for several years in Chambers UK as “a trusted adviser – practical, results-oriented and an expert in the field;” “fast, thorough and responsive;” “extremely pragmatic in advice on risk;” “provides thoughtful, strategic guidance and is a pleasure to work with;” has “great insight into the regulators;” and “is technologically sophisticated and advises on true issues of first impression, particularly in the field of AI.”

Drawing on over 20 years of experience, Mark specializes in:

Providing practical guidance and advising on potential exposure under GDPR and international data privacy laws in relation to innovative products and services.
Handling complex regulatory investigations and enforcement actions involving data privacy regulators in the UK, EU and globally, and advising on follow-on litigation risk.
Helping clients respond to cybersecurity incidents, including ransomware, supply chain incidents, state-sponsored attacks, insider threats, personal data breaches, and IP and trade secret theft.
Advising various clients on the EU NIS2 Directive, Cyber Resilience Act (CRA), and other emerging EU, UK, and global cybersecurity laws and regulations.
Advising life sciences companies on industry-specific data privacy issues, including clinical trials, pharmacovigilance, and digital health products and services.
Advising on data privacy compliance in relation to employees and international transfers of data in connection with white collar investigations.
Providing strategic advice and advocacy on a range of UK and EU technology law reform issues relating to data privacy, cybersecurity, eIDs, and software.
Representing clients in connection with references to the Court of Justice of the EU.

Photo of Paul Maynard Paul Maynard

Paul Maynard is special counsel in the technology regulatory group in the London office. He focuses on advising clients on all aspects of UK and European privacy and cybersecurity law relating to complex and innovative technologies such as adtech, cloud computing and online…

Paul Maynard is special counsel in the technology regulatory group in the London office. He focuses on advising clients on all aspects of UK and European privacy and cybersecurity law relating to complex and innovative technologies such as adtech, cloud computing and online platforms. He also advises clients on how to respond to law enforcement demands, particularly where such demands are made across borders.

Paul advises emerging and established companies in various sectors, including online retail, software and education technology. His practice covers advice on new legislative proposals, for example on e-privacy and cross-border law enforcement access to data; advice on existing but rapidly-changing rules, such the GDPR and cross-border data transfer rules; and on regulatory investigations in cases of alleged non-compliance, including in relation to online advertising and cybersecurity.

Photo of Anna Sophia Oberschelp de Meneses Anna Sophia Oberschelp de Meneses

Anna Sophia Oberschelp de Meneses is special counsel in the Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Practice Group.

Anna is a qualified Portuguese lawyer, but is both a native Portuguese and German speaker.

Anna advises companies on European data protection law and helps clients coordinate…

Anna Sophia Oberschelp de Meneses is special counsel in the Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Practice Group.

Anna is a qualified Portuguese lawyer, but is both a native Portuguese and German speaker.

Anna advises companies on European data protection law and helps clients coordinate international data protection law projects.

She has obtained a certificate for “corporate data protection officer” by the German Association for Data Protection and Data Security (“Gesellschaft für Datenschutz und Datensicherheit e.V.”). She is also Certified Information Privacy Professional Europe (CIPPE/EU) by the International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP).

Anna also advises companies in the field of EU consumer law and has been closely tracking the developments in this area.

Her extensive language skills allow her to monitor developments and help clients tackle EU Data Privacy, Cybersecurity and Consumer Law issues in various EU and ROW jurisdictions.