Since 2020, over 60 bills have been introduced in the Mexican Congress seeking to regulate artificial intelligence (AI). In the absence of general AI legal framework, these bills have sought to regulate a broad range of issues, including governance, education, intellectual property, and data protection. Mexico lacks a comprehensive national strategy or policy on AI. In April 2023, the Senate and civil society established the National Alliance for Artificial Intelligence (ANIA), a working group that developed standards and good practices to inform Mexico’s adoption of a national AI strategy. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) supported the group.

On February 19, 2025, Congressman Ricardo Monreal Ávila, head of the majority Morena parliamentary group, introduced a bill (in Spanish) to amend the Mexican Constitution, granting Congress authority to legislate on AI and adopt a General Law on the Use of AI. Similar to the U.S. system, the Mexican federal system requires that specific constitutional authority be granted to the federal congress to legislate on specific matters, and the states have residual authority. Without a clear delegation of authority, secondary AI legislation could be more easily challenged in the courts.

The bill’s stated purpose is to: (i) ensure Mexico develops clear and effective regulations on AI, fostering responsible innovation while protecting human rights, privacy, and national security; (ii) allow the country to adapt to global technological advancements and address the ethical, social, and economic challenges associated with AI and emerging technologies; (iii) establish a legal framework that meets  internal needs and international requirements, but preserves the country’s technological sovereignty.

The bill is expected to move quickly in Congress because it was introduced by Morena’s leader in the House and is aligned with President Sheinbaum’s digital strategy. The bill sets 180 days for Congress to pass a General Law on AI and harmonize other relevant secondary legislation. Although no draft bill has been published, it is expected that Congress will move quickly to approve the General Law on AI and secondary legislation once the constitutional amendment is approved. Technology companies and other businesses that use AI in their Mexico operations should closely monitor these developments, as both existing and new AI bills have the potential to advance through the legislative process at an accelerated pace.

Photo of Kimberly Breier Kimberly Breier

Kimberly Breier has more than 20 years of experience in foreign policy, primarily focused on Western Hemisphere affairs. Prior to joining the firm, Ms. Breier, a non-lawyer, was Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs at the U.S. Department of State.

Kimberly Breier has more than 20 years of experience in foreign policy, primarily focused on Western Hemisphere affairs. Prior to joining the firm, Ms. Breier, a non-lawyer, was Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs at the U.S. Department of State. She also served as the Western Hemisphere Member of the Policy Planning Staff.

Ms. Breier was previously the founder and Director of the U.S.-Mexico Futures Initiative, and the Deputy Director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). She also was Vice President of a consulting firm, leading country risk assessment teams for private clients in Mexico, Argentina, and Chile.

In addition to her private sector and think tank experience, Ms. Breier served for more than a decade in the U.S. intelligence community as a political analyst and manager, primarily focused on Latin America.

From January 2005 to June 2006, Ms. Breier served at the White House in the National Security Council’s Office of Western Hemisphere Affairs, first as Director for Brazil and the Southern Cone, then as Director for Mexico and Canada, and also as an interim Director for the Andean region.

Prior to her government service, Ms. Breier was a senior fellow and director of the National Policy Association’s North American Committee—a trilateral business and labor committee with members from the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

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Photo of Gerónimo Gutiérrez Fernández Gerónimo Gutiérrez Fernández

Gerónimo Gutiérrez Fernández, is a senior advisor at the firm. He provides strategic advice to businesses and governments on political risk, public affairs, communications, and business development. Gerónimo, a non-lawyer, has over 20 years of experience in senior government positions under five Mexican…

Gerónimo Gutiérrez Fernández, is a senior advisor at the firm. He provides strategic advice to businesses and governments on political risk, public affairs, communications, and business development. Gerónimo, a non-lawyer, has over 20 years of experience in senior government positions under five Mexican presidents in the areas of finance, trade, national security and diplomacy. Most recently, he served as Mexico’s Ambassador to the United States. In that position, he played a prominent role in the negotiation of the United States, Mexico and Canada Agreement (USMCA).

He previously served as Managing Director of the North American Development Bank (NADB), Deputy Secretary for Governance and Homeland Security, member of the National Security Council’s Executive Committee and, in the Foreign Ministry, as Under Secretary for Latin America and the Caribbean and Under Secretary for North America. In the latter capacity, he coordinated day-to-day trilateral and bilateral affairs with the United States and Canada. He also led negotiations for the creation of the Security and Prosperity Partnership for North America (SPP) – prelude to the present day North American Leaders Summit. 

Gerónimo has also held other Mexican federal government positions in the Ministries of Economy and Treasury, the Office of the President, and Banobras.

In addition to his work with Covington, Gerónimo is the Managing Partner of BEEL Infrastructure, a specialized advisory and asset management firm focused on the infrastructure sector in Latin America. He serves in the Board of Directors of the United States – Mexico Business Association (AEM) and the Advisory Board of the Woodrow Wilson Center’s Mexico Institute.

Gerónimo holds a B.A. degree in Economics from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), where he also completed the coursework for a B.A. degree in Political Science, and a Master’s Degree in Public Administration from Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, for which he received a Fulbright-García Robles Scholarship.

He has contributed with opinion articles for several newspapers and magazines in Mexico and the United States, and speaks regularly on Mexico’s political landscape and United States – Mexico affairs at conferences and other venues.

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Photo of Lorena Montes de Oca Lorena Montes de Oca

Lorena Montes de Oca is a policy advisor in Covington’s Public Policy Practice-Latin America through which she provides strategic advisory and regulatory advice to clients doing business across Latin America.

Lorena, a non-lawyer, has over a decade of experience in public policy and…

Lorena Montes de Oca is a policy advisor in Covington’s Public Policy Practice-Latin America through which she provides strategic advisory and regulatory advice to clients doing business across Latin America.

Lorena, a non-lawyer, has over a decade of experience in public policy and international trade. During this time, she has supported private sector companies and policymakers on a broad range of sectors such as energy, trade and investment, technology, policymaking and economic development.

In addition, Lorena has particular experience in supporting companies with complex cross border projects between the U.S. and Mexico.

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